Njengoko ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga lisiya lide ngakumbi kunye nokukhanya kwelanga okunamandla ngakumbi, ukuhamba ezitalatweni, kulula ukuqaphela ukuba abantu abaninzi banxiba iilensi ze-photochromic kunangaphambili. Iiglasi zelanga ezisetyenziswa ngugqirha ziye zaba ngumjelo wengeniso okhulayo kwishishini lokuthengisa izibuko kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye iilensi ze-photochromic zihlala ziyinxalenye ephambili yokuthengiswa kwehlobo. Imarike kunye nokwamkelwa kwabathengi kweelensi ze-photochromic kuvela kwisitayile sazo, ukhuseleko lokukhanya, kunye neemfuno ezinxulumene nokuqhuba.
Kule mihla, abantu abaninzi bayayiqonda ingozi enokubangelwa yimitha ye-ultraviolet eluswini. I-sunscreen, ii-parasol, ii-baseball caps, kwanee-arm covers ze-ice silk ziye zaba zizinto ezibalulekileyo xa kuphuma ihlobo. Umonakalo owenziwa yimitha ye-UV emehlweni usenokungabonakali ngoko nangoko njengolusu olumnyama, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuvezwa kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi ngakumbi. Izifo zamehlo ezifana ne-cataracts kunye nokuguga kwe-macular degeneration kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba zinonxibelelwano oluthe ngqo okanye olungathanga ngqo nokuvezwa yi-UV. Okwangoku, abathengi baseTshayina abanalo ingcamango efanayo "yokuba kufuneka banxibe nini iiglasi zelanga" ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zelanga. Rhoqo, indawo yokukhanya yangaphandle sele ifuna ukukhuselwa kokukhanya, kodwa uninzi lwabathengi luvakalelwa kukuba "akufuneki" kwaye bakhetha ukungazinxibi. Kwimeko enjalo, iilensi ze-photochromic, ezibonelela ngokulungiswa kokubona kunye nokukhuselwa kokukhanya ngaphandle kwesidingo sokususwa njengeeglasi zelanga eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ziyamkeleka phakathi kwabantu abaninzi.
Umgaqo wokutshintsha kombala kwiilensi ze-photochromic usekelwe kwi-"photochromism." Kwiindawo zangaphandle, ezi lensi ziba mnyama ukuze zifane neeglasi zelanga kwaye zibuyele ekubeni zicace kwaye zicace ngaphakathi. Olu phawu luqhagamshelwe kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-silver halide. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, abavelisi belensi bafaka umaleko osisiseko okanye wefilimu weelensi ngee-microcrystals ze-silver halide. Xa zibonakaliswa kukukhanya okunamandla, i-silver halide iyabola ibe zii-ion zesilivere kunye nee-ion ze-halide, ifunxa uninzi lokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo. Xa ukukhanya okukwindawo engqongileyo kufiphala, ii-ion zesilivere kunye nee-ion ze-halide ziphinda zihlangane zibe yi-silver halide phantsi kwesenzo sokunciphisa i-copper oxide, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbala welensi ukhanye de ucace kwaye ubonakale kwakhona.
Utshintsho lombala kwiilensi ze-photochromic lubangelwa luchungechunge lweempendulo zeekhemikhali eziguqukayo, apho ukukhanya (kuquka ukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet) kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezi mpendulo. Ngokwemvelo, ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokutshintsha umbala kuchaphazeleka ngamaxesha onyaka kunye neemeko zemozulu, ngoko ke ayisoloko igcina isiphumo esizinzileyo nesizinzileyo.
Ngokubanzi, kwimozulu enelanga, ubukhali bemitha ye-ultraviolet bunamandla ngakumbi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimpendulo enamandla ngakumbi ye-photochromic, kwaye iilensi ziba mnyama kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwiintsuku ezinamafu, xa imisebe ye-UV kunye nobukhali bokukhanya bubuthathaka, iilensi zibonakala zikhaphukhaphu. Ukongeza, njengoko ubushushu bunyuka, umbala weelensi ze-photochromic ukhanya kancinci kancinci. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa ubushushu buhla, iilensi ziba mnyama kancinci kancinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ii-ion zesilivere kunye nee-ion ze-halide, ezazibolile ngaphambili, zincitshiswa zibuyele kwi-silver halide phantsi kwamandla aphezulu, okukhanyisa umbala weelensi.
Ngokuphathelele iilensi ze-photochromic, kukwakho nemibuzo eqhelekileyo kunye namanqaku olwazi:
Ngaba iilensi ze-photochromic zinokuhanjiswa/ukucaca okuphantsi kokukhanya xa kuthelekiswa neelensi eziqhelekileyo?
Iilensi ze-photochromic ezikumgangatho ophezulu azinambala kwaphela xa zingasebenzi kwaye azinawo umbane ongaphantsi kuneelensi eziqhelekileyo.
Kutheni iilensi ze-photochromic zingatshintshi umbala?
Ukungabikho kotshintsho lombala kwiilensi ze-photochromic kunxulumene nezinto ezimbini: iimeko zokukhanya kunye ne-photochromic agent (silver halide). Ukuba azitshintshi umbala nokuba kukukhanya okunamandla kunye nemitha ye-UV, kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-photochromic agent yonakele.
Ngaba impembelelo yokutshintsha umbala kweelensi ze-photochromic iya kuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha?
Njengazo naziphi na iilensi eziqhelekileyo, iilensi ze-photochromic nazo zihlala ixesha elide. Ngokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, zihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweminyaka emi-2-3.
Kutheni iilensi ze-photochromic ziba mnyama ngokusisigxina ngokuhamba kwexesha?
Ukuba iilensi ze-photochromic ziba mnyama ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye azikwazi ukubuyela ngokupheleleyo kwi-transparent, kungenxa yokuba i-agent yazo ye-photochromic ayinakubuyela kwimeko yayo yokuqala emva kokutshintsha umbala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbala ushiyeke. Le nto ixhaphake kakhulu kwiilensi ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ngelixa iilensi ze-photochromic ezisemgangathweni ophezulu aziyi kuba nale ngxaki.
Kutheni iilensi ezingwevu zixhaphake kakhulu kwimarike?
Iilensi ezingwevu zinokufunxa i-infrared kunye ne-98% yemitha ye-UV. Eyona nzuzo inkulu yeelensi ezingwevu kukuba azitshintshi imibala yokuqala yezinto, nto leyo enciphisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla okukhanya. Zifunxa ukukhanya ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke ii-spectrum, ukuze izinto zibonakale zimnyama kodwa zingenawo umbala obonakalayo, nto leyo enika umbono oyinyani nowendalo. Ukongeza, umbala ongwevu ngumbala ongathathi cala, ofanele wonke umntu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uthandwe kakhulu kwimarike.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-11-2024