I-Myopia (ukubona izinto ezikufutshane) ibe yingxaki enkulu kwihlabathi liphela kulutsha,iqhutywa zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: ixesha elide emsebenzini (ezifana neeyure ezi-4-6 zomsebenzi wesikolo, iiklasi ze-intanethi, okanye imidlalo) kunye nexesha elincinci lokuphuma ngaphandle. Ngokwedatha ye-World Health Organisation (WHO), ngaphezulu kwama-80% olutsha eMpuma Asia lune-myopia—iphezulu kakhulu kunomndilili wehlabathi we-30%. Okwenza oku kube yinto exhalabisayo ngakumbi kukuba amehlo olutsha asekwinqanaba lokukhula elibalulekileyo: ii-eye axes zabo (umgama ukusuka kwi-cornea ukuya kwi-retina) zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka eli-12-18. Ukuba azilawulwa, i-myopia inokuba mandundu ngama-100-200 degrees minyaka le, nto leyo eyandisa umngcipheko weengxaki zamehlo zexesha elide ezifana ne-myopia ephezulu, ukuxinana kwe-retinal, kwane-glaucoma xa umntu emdala.
Iilensi zemveli zokubona okukodwa zilungisa kuphela umbono ongekho mde ngokubhekisele kumgama—azenzi nto ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-myopia. Kulapho iilensi ze-defocus ezinamanqaku amaninzi zibonakala khona njengesisombululo esitshintsha umdlalo. Ngokungafaniyo neelensi zemveli, ezenza "i-hyperopic defocus" (umfanekiso ongekho mde) ngasemva kwe-retina, ezi lensi zikhethekileyo zisebenzisa uluhlu oluchanekileyo lwee-micro-lens clusters okanye iindawo ezibonakalayo kumphezulu welensi. Olu yilo luqinisekisa umbono ocacileyo ophakathi kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (njengokufunda incwadi okanye ukubona ibhodi yeklasi) ngelixa zenza "i-myopic defocus" (imifanekiso ecacileyo engaphandle) kwiindawo zangaphandle ze-retina. Olu defocus olungaphandle luthumela isignali yebhayoloji "yokuyeka ukukhula" kwiliso, nto leyo enciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukwandiswa kwe-eye axis—isizathu esiyintloko sokuba mandundu kwe-myopia. Izifundo zeklinikhi kulo lonke elase-Asia naseYurophu ziye zabonisa rhoqo ukuba iilensi ze-defocus ezinamanqaku amaninzi zinciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-myopia ngama-50-60% xa kuthelekiswa neelensi zemveli.
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wazo oyintloko wokulawula i-myopia, ezi lensi zenzelwe ngokukodwa indlela yokuphila esebenzayo yolutsha. Uninzi lwazo zenziwe ngezinto ze-polycarbonate ezingashukumiyo, ezinokumelana nokuwa ngengozi (eziqhelekileyo kwiibhegi zangasemva okanye izixhobo zemidlalo) kwaye zihlala ixesha elide ngokuphindwe kalishumi kuneelensi zeglasi eziqhelekileyo. Zikwalula—zinobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-30-50% kuneelensi zemveli—zinciphisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo kunye nokungonwabi nasemva kweeyure ezi-8 nangaphezulu zokunxitywa (usuku olupheleleyo lwesikolo kunye nemisebenzi yasemva kwesikolo). Iimodeli ezininzi ziquka nokhuseleko lwe-UV olwakhelwe ngaphakathi, olukhusela amehlo olutsha kwimisebe ye-UVA/UVB eyingozi xa bengaphandle (umz., ukuhamba ukuya esikolweni okanye ukudlala ibhola ekhatywayo).
Ukuze iilensi zisebenze kakuhle kakhulu, kufuneka zihambelane nemikhwa elula kodwa ehambelanayo yokubona. Umthetho othi "20-20-20" kulula ukuwulandela: rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-20 ubukele okanye usebenza kufutshane, jonga into ekumgama weemitha ezingama-20 (malunga neemitha ezi-6) imizuzwana engama-20 ukuze uphumze izihlunu zamehlo ezisebenza kakhulu. Iingcali zikwacebisa iiyure ezi-2 zexesha langaphandle imihla ngemihla—ilanga lendalo linceda ukulawula imiqondiso yokukhula kweliso kwaye linciphisa i-myopia. Ukongeza, uhlolo lwamehlo lwekota lubalulekile: oogqirha bamehlo banokujonga inkqubela phambili ye-myopia kwaye balungise imiyalelo yelensi njengoko kufuneka ukuze bahambisane nempilo yamehlo yolutsha etshintshayo.
Iilensi ze-defocus ezinamanqaku amaninzi azikho nje kwisixhobo sokulungisa umbono—ziyindlela yotyalo-mali kwimpilo yamehlo yobomi bonke bolutsha. Ngokujonga unobangela wokuqhubela phambili kwe-myopia kunye nokuhambelana ngokungenamthungo nobomi bolutsha, zibonelela ngendlela ethembekileyo yokukhusela umbono ocacileyo ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-25-2025